A calm guide to GLP-1 side effects

Who we are

Articles are written by Clara Wendt for the Refractec desk, the editorial name for the people who research, write and check every page here. We don't put invented doctors or made-up credentials on our pages. Instead, we show our sources, so you and your care team can check them.

What we cover

• Side effects, warnings and interactions of approved GLP-1 and dual-agonist medicines: semaglutide as Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus, and tirzepatide as Mounjaro and Zepbound.
• Procedures such as surgery and anesthesia, plus alcohol and birth control.
• Dosing errors with compounded medicines.
• Investigational drugs such as retatrutide, always marked as not approved.

What we don't cover

• Prices or insurance.
• Weight-loss coaching, or help choosing between drugs.
• Peptides outside the GLP-1 class.
• Where to buy anything. We don't sell or link to sellers.

How we check a page

1. The FDA label comes first. We read the current prescribing information and Medication Guide on DailyMed or the FDA's own site.
2. Then the trials. We go to the published trial reports behind the label numbers.
3. Then regulator safety notices from the FDA and agencies such as the EMA.

Every frequency is paired with its placebo figure. Findings from observational studies are named as signals, not as proven causes. We only describe doses as the label states them, and we never suggest skipping, holding or changing one.

Each page shows when it was published and when it was last reviewed against sources fetched at the time of writing. If we correct a page, the correction is dated on that page. The site as a whole was last reviewed Oct 20, 2026.

Corrections

When a label changes or we find a mistake, we fix the page, update its last-reviewed date and add a dated note saying what changed. We don't quietly rewrite numbers. The disclaimer at the foot of every page applies here too.